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Nature communications
Published

CSF total tau as a proxy of synaptic degeneration

Authors

Carolina Soares, Bruna Bellaver, Pamela C L Ferreira, Guilherme Povala, Cristiano Schaffer Aguzzoli, João Pedro Ferrari-Souza, Hussein Zalzale, Firoza Z Lussier, Francieli Rohden, Sarah Abbas, Guilherme Bauer-Negrini, Douglas Teixeira Leffa, Andréa Lessa Benedet, Rebecca Langhough, Tobey J Betthauser, Bradley T Christian, Rachael E Wilson, Dana L Tudorascu, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Thomas K Karikari, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Eduardo R Zimmer, Sterling C Johnson, Tharick A Pascoal

Abstract

Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 29;16(1):8076. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-63545-5.

ABSTRACT

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau (t-tau) is considered a biomarker of neuronal degeneration alongside brain atrophy and fluid neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) in biomarker models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, previous studies show that CSF t-tau correlates strongly with synaptic dysfunction/degeneration biomarkers like neurogranin (Ng) and synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25). Here, we compare the association between CSF t-tau and synaptic degeneration and axonal/neuronal degeneration biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired and impaired groups from two independent cohorts. We observe a stronger correlation between CSF t-tau and synaptic biomarkers than neurodegeneration biomarkers in both groups. Synaptic biomarkers explain a greater proportion of variance in CSF t-tau levels compared to neurodegeneration biomarkers. Notably, CSF t-tau levels are elevated in individuals with abnormalities only in synaptic biomarkers, but not in individuals with abnormalities only in neurodegeneration biomarkers. Our findings suggest that CSF t-tau is a closer proxy for synaptic degeneration than for axonal/neuronal degeneration.

PMID:40883301 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-63545-5

UK DRI Authors

Profile picture of Henrik Zetterberg

Prof Henrik Zetterberg

Group Leader

Pioneering the development of fluid biomarkers for dementia

Prof Henrik Zetterberg